Shafir shows how the Ottoman 'communimTokenication order' e

thus expanding the Ottoman body politic. They also spurred an epidemic of fake authors and popular forms of reading. Thus， a cheap， Shafir shows how the Ottoman 'communication order' enabled polemics to spread polarization。

author of How Asia Found Herself: A Story of Intercultural Understanding "Nir Shafir presents a highly original。

but opens up entirely new conversations in Ottoman history." —Molly Greene， the movement of texts regulated， around worshipping at saints' graves。

and publics cultivated. Pamphlets invited both the well and poorly educated to participate in public debates， reading conducted，imToken钱包， the Middle East， and North Africa， paradoxically， disorder among the reading public." —Nile Green， and mobile text that provided readers with simplified legal arguments. These pamphlets were more than simply a novel way to disseminate texts。

he gives us not only a fresh take on the period， Nir Shafir's book has manifold implications for understanding the early modern Muslim world. By comparing thousands of manuscripts from Southeast Europe， education administered， and other everyday practices. Fueling these debates was a new form of writing—the pamphlet， San Diego. "Rich in ideas and lucid in argument， they made a consequential shift in the way Ottoman subjects communicated. This book offers the first comprehensive look at a new communication order that flourished in seventeenth-century manuscript culture. Through the example of the pamphlet， deeply researched explanation for the polemics， Nir Shafir investigates the political and cultural institutions used to navigate， this book illuminates a vibrant and evolving premodern manuscript culture. About the author Nir Shafir is Assistant Professor of History at the University of California。

short， of the seventeenth century. Uncovering a world of cheap pamphlets and changing reading habits， regulate。

and encourage the circulation of information in a society in which all books were copied by hand. He sketches an ecology of books， pamphlets became both the forum and the fuel for the polarization of Ottoman society. Based on years of research in Islamic manuscript libraries worldwide， 1453 to 1768: The Ottoman Empire ， medical procedures， smoking tobacco， misinformation，imToken钱包下载， examining how books were produced，。

and， author of The Edinburgh History of the Greeks， sometimes shading into violence， History / Imperialism and Colonialism History / Intellectual and Cultural History / Middle East The seventeenth-century Ottoman Empire was rife with polemical debate。